Editor’s Note:

For the last several months, our team at the Publish Press has gone in depth, shoulder-to-shoulder, with a group of creators calling themselves the YouTube New Wave.

Their goal: to rebel against the so-called “Beastification of YouTube” by shunning traditional metrics like retention and clickability in favor of an almost filmmaker-like focus on storytelling and deep personal truths. Welcome to our series unpacking the New Wave—let’s jump in.

Intro by Nathan Graber-Lipperman

It's 11 p.m. on a Thursday night in late March when I receive a rather noteworthy text: Your flight has been canceled.

I should be asleep by now. I’m spending the weekend in a log cabin an hour southeast of Salt Lake City, set for a whirlwind of activities and conversations with over 70 talented individuals still (mostly) early in their creative journeys—it’s called Creator Camp, and the Press has been invited to watch and learn. At least, that’s where I’m supposed to be.

I’m up late because I’ve been prepping for the weekend, reading up on creators I’ll be meeting for the first time (like Natalie Lynn and Simon Kim) and watching their videos for hours. At this rate, if I’m lucky, I might nod off for four hours before facing the inevitable mad dash to Dulles International Airport.

I should be asleep by now. But closing my eyes is hard when I’m considering the future of YouTube as we know it. This new group, the “YouTube New Wave,” encourages our industry to shed views and likes as metrics for success. They prize making what they consider to be meaningful art over making content optimized for retention.

Simultaneously, the New Wave is sounding the alarm on how they believe social media algorithms and the spectacle-style content that dominates them grind creativity into a meager pulp.

Creator Camp is this group’s way of flexing their muscles and, truthfully, announcing their arrival to the rest of the industry.

I should be asleep by now. But I’m finding it tough to nod off as I consider whether actively defying a universal set of YouTube creators’ best practices is…a best practice in itself. “If you’re gonna be happy in this world, you have to provide a service in some way, shape, or form…those are the realities that people who want to be indie filmmakers, or do YouTube, have to accept,” Kevin Wu, a veteran sketch comedy creator known as “KevJumba” in a past life, tells me.

While going against the current trends might be preferable for artistry’s sake, is it bad for business? Or, maybe, could this new generation—the one that grew up online, watching careers rise nearly as quickly as they fall—be onto something? And should the New Wave succeed in their vision, will the increased attention (and subsequent cash) splinter the group as some start to become rich and others drift into obscurity?

These are the questions I ask myself as I frantically look for a replacement flight late into the night. Along with a more straightforward query, of course: Is there anything more to explore here, really?

Two layovers and 10 hours of travel later, I arrive in the snowy mountains of Utah to find out.

What Is the YouTube New Wave?

By Hannah Doyle and Nathan Graber-Lipperman

Creator Camp attendees gathered in the snowy mountains of Heber City, Utah, in April 2023. (Photo by Zachary Phillippy)

In its simplest form, the YouTube New Wave is an internet-native film and artistic movement that has emerged as a response to the so-called “Beastification” of YouTube.

But it’s also a robust community of creators taking a cinematic approach to online video in the hopes of creating a new norm for YouTube, their platform of choice.

Their efforts started in earnest in late 2021 with creators like Ryan Ng, Max Reisinger, Natalie Lynn, and Simon Kim. Since then, the group, which named itself the New Wave, has developed a movement of young creators (most channels using the hashtag #YouTubeNewWave have under 10,000 subscribers) who make vlogs through a filmmaker’s lens, crafting stories with artful shots, easy pacing, and a focus on storytelling.

The group also tends to consume similar content, searching for more raw and authentic stories—no surprise given The New York Times’ findings in May regarding Gen Z’s fascination with “wholesome” content. They’re driven by a search for community, seeking out like-minded friends in like-minded creators.

And the New Wave is spreading:

  • #YouTubeNewWave has appeared alongside more than 1,000 videos across 350 unique channels.

  • It’s global, with creators from Ireland to India.

But the ultimate question for the growing cohort of New Wave creators: Can these videos—which endeavor to be thought-provoking, slice-of-life content that prioritizes storytelling over clickability—make for a lasting career on YouTube, where clicks are a benchmark for monetization?

To get the answer, it’s helpful to understand how we got here—to a version of YouTube that, even in its boom times, is often called monotonous, overrun with the same fast-paced content.

The Path to the New Wave

It’s good to be post-pandemic YouTube. According to Pew Research Center, platform usage grew from 73% of U.S. adults in 2019 to 81% in 2021. 

  • This amounts to over 2.6 billion monthly active users. 

  • In comparison, Instagram and TikTok sit at roughly 1.4 and 1.1 billion monthly active users, respectively.

In lockstep with the platform’s growth came the expansion of the challenge genre, ushered in by the almost unbelievable growth of creators including MrBeast, Ryan Trahan, and their peers. One look at the trending pages on YouTube suggests that these challenge creators’ formula—spectacle, scale, surprise—can be a lucrative one. That reality didn’t emerge overnight.

Following Casey Neistat’s run of daily vlogs in the mid-2010s, MrBeast’s viral challenge videos inspired an entire genre that still dominates YouTube. (Photo via Casey Neistat / YouTube)

A Brief Timeline: 

2016: When Logan Paul’s involved pranks and Casey Neistat’s daily vlogs regularly trended on YouTube, MrBeast’s simple challenge videos like counting to 100,000 and mailing himself in a box started gaining traction, helping him surpass 100,000 subscribers in July.

2017: MrBeast secured his first brand deal, which enabled him to give away $10,000 to a person experiencing homelessness. The video went viral, and MrBeast began using the money he made from each subsequent viral video to fund the next—mostly giving away thousands of dollars to strangers. Meanwhile, Neistat stopped posting daily vlogs, precipitating that genre’s slowdown as challenge-style videos gained more traction.

2018: MrBeast reached 4 million subscribers and began to increase the scale of his challenges (see: spending 24 hours under water).

2019: MrBeast surpassed 20 million subscribers and 3 billion views, topping the Paul brothers to become the sixth most-subscribed-to YouTuber. He began to expand his business empire to a philanthropy channel and MrBeast Burger.

2020: Other challenge creators like Unspeakable, Airrack, and Matthew Beem began to take off on YouTube, regularly appearing on the trending page.

2022: MrBeast hit 100 million subscribers, securing his spot as the king of the challenge genre. Today, he continues to break records for views, likes, and subscribers across platforms.

The Challenge Genre’s Impact

The challenge genre has mastered the art of retention. And as the algorithm dictates, retention leads to more watch time—often the universal marker for monetizing your channel and becoming a successful career creator. The flood of new creators optimizing for that same metric created a certain sameness (or at least, the perception of sameness) across the platform—the feeling that a lot of creators were creating a lot of the same kind of content.

So what do the New Wave creators think of that reality? “For me, the YouTube New Wave is the opposite of [challenge creators]—intentionally going against the grain of what you’re supposed to do in an effort to [make videos that] feel right, or what is natural and most authentic to your life,” Reisinger told us.

Whether that can cultivate a lasting creator career remains to be seen. “I think it's hard to get these types of videos out there weekly…and so the question becomes what is YouTube prioritizing, who's the audience, and what do you as a creator prioritize?” longtime creator Jordan Matter told us. “Regular uploads, or quality content? And sometimes there's a conflict.”

The New Wave’s Key Players

By Nathan Graber-Lipperman

Creator Camp attendees shared films and ideas over the course of a weekend in Utah. (Photo by Christian Waite)

To better understand how the New Wave will rise to the occasion of solving that conflict between quality and quantity—or whether they care to at all—it’s helpful to get to know the biggest names behind the movement, both as people and creators.

Starting here: What makes someone a member of the New Wave? Truthfully, it’s more an abstract ideal than a tangible label. But one of the movement’s architects, Ryan Ng, endearingly referred to as “The Professor” by his peers, broke down the characteristics of a typical New Wave creator for us…

  • They work solo or in small groups. From scripting and storytelling to filming and editing, an entire project can be done by one person.

  • They operate on a low budget—sometimes even $0. New Wave creators tend to film with the equipment they have around them, such as iPhones and cheap tripods.

  • They take inspiration from narrative films and documentaries. The stories being told are often deeply personal, and New Wave creators are usually their own subjects.

How does the New Wave build a career? The path is slightly winding, at least compared to more traditional or established creators. 

In order to make money through YouTube’s Partner Program, creators have to agree to several advertising-safe rules, including not using copyrighted music. While many New Wave creators are part of the Partner Program, some prefer to make media and tell stories that don’t always follow all of these guidelines—meaning no AdSense checks to count on.

So they’ve turned to other sources of income:

  • Product sales, such as Simon Kim’s “Keep It Wholesome” apparel line.

  • Brand partnerships with companies like Storyblocks or nonprofits like The Independent Media Initiative (IMI).

  • Subscriber support through membership subscription platforms like Patreon.

Along with running his own narrative-based channel, Ng is the co-founder of Creator Camp. It’s an events business that brings multidisciplinary creatives together for weekend-long retreats featuring conversations and community.

We had the chance to talk with several members of the New Wave at Creator Camp in April. Here are some of the names to know.

Natalie Lynn (@nataliexlynn)

Who she is: 21-year-old filmmaker Natalie Lynn is one of the inspirations for the whole New Wave movement. “Natalie was amongst the very first—if not the first—creators to treat vlogging as a legitimate art form,” Ng told us.

The backstory: Lynn moved to central Oregon from Nevada when she was in middle school. Her mom would bring a point-and-shoot camera on special trips and events, inspiring Lynn to use her iPod Touch to film music videos with her cousins.

In high school, Lynn struggled with both classwork and making friends. Creating became an outlet—not just for escape, but also for fulfillment, she told us. So with a new camera she’d saved up for and the woods of Oregon as her backyard, Lynn began taking trips whenever she could, capturing her adventures along the way.

The content: One six-part series helped take Lynn’s YouTube channel to a new level creatively and professionally. In her Borderless series, Lynn traveled around the Pacific Northwest and lived out of a van she renovated, filming the process from start to finish.

  • She’s notched 4 million combined views on the series so far—and an Excellence in Cinematography award at 2022’s Buffer Film Festival.

  • “What’s so cool is that a lot of the shots were unplanned…all these moments on the road, it just came together so beautifully,” Lynn told us.

Tanner Ray (@WickedStew)

Who he is: 20-year-old Tanner Ray, an aspiring filmmaker from small-town Dewey, Oklahoma, has become Ng’s pseudo-mentee and fast friends with Lynn.

The backstory: Growing up, Ray yearned to distance himself from his hometown and meet others interested in YouTube. And as it turned out, Aiden “Valspire Family” Gallagher, a full-time travel creator and fellow Creator Camp attendee, was stopping in Oklahoma and needed someone to help him film.

Ray reached out, and they filmed a video together. Afterwards, Gallagher invited Ray to travel around the country with him as his videographer and Ray accepted.

The content: Fast forward a year, and Ray was back at his parents’ house in Oklahoma for the summer, struggling to reconcile his life-changing time on the road with the reality of his current situation: delivering food and donating plasma in order to support his YouTube dreams.

“It feels like all of the trips I’ve been on, I’ve grown two years…and every time I come back home, it’s like this weird time capsule where nothing changes,” Ray told us.

Ray decided to document this dynamic—along with his love-hate relationship with his hometown—through a coming-of-age film called An Oklahoma Summer. After several months of campaigning for it, Ray premiered the film at Oklahoma’s largest drive-in movie theater in March before rolling it out to Patreon and YouTube subscribers in May.

Ryan Ng (@RyanNgFilms)

Who he is: 22-year-old Ryan Ng started his channel in 2017 and brought it with him to Ithaca College, where he studied film until he decided to drop out and pursue YouTube as a career full-time.

  • With his video essays, Ng comments on online culture and media trends through the lens of his personal experiences.

  • This has led him to pursue ventures like a production company and a new-age film school through his Patreon.

The background: It was a video Ng made about dropping out that helped jumpstart his most successful business to date, as his eventual Creator Camp co-founder Simon Kim discovered it one day while browsing YouTube.

“Ryan’s storytelling was something I really connected with…it felt different,” Kim told us. “Being at the beginning of my career as well, I’m like, ‘I need more creative friends,’ so I sent him a DM.”

The content: Kim and Ng met over FaceTime and set up a Discord server with other creators soon after. The group (including Lynn and Ray) eventually decided to meet up in person, resulting in a month-long stay in 2021 at the “Wholesome House,” an AirBnb in the Montana wilderness where they explored the outdoors and worked on video projects.

That inspired what became Creator Camp, run by Ng, Kim, Max Reisinger, and travel creator/Creator Camp CEO Chris Duncan. The business has worked with brand partners including Shopify, Creative Juice, and Polaroid, selling roughly $200,000 in sponsorships for their event this April.

Even as Creator Camp grew, there was one thing Ng and those early attendees all agreed on: Their belief that fast-paced challenge content had run its course on YouTube, and the platform was bound to slow down in the not-so-distant future.

So…are they right?

YouTube New Wave, By the Numbers

By Julian Saliani

To understand how the New Wave stacks up to some of the biggest names in the creator industry, we decided to take a look into the data. The question we set out to answer: Are New Wave channels fostering a more meaningful, engaged community than some of the more mainstream, mainly challenge-oriented creators?

To do this, we looked beyond sheer views and subscriber count and instead at CPIs (community performance indicators). For this analysis, we used two CPI metrics → 

  • Comments per 1,000 views, which can serve as a proxy for how often the channel’s videos empower their viewers to engage with their content.

  • Likes as a percentage of views, which can translate into a base assessment of each video and creator’s engagement.

Who did we analyze? Among the New Wave creators, we examined the channels of Ryan Ng, Max Reisinger, Natalie Lynn, and Simon Kim (aka “Wholesome Simon”). And for the more established, trending channels that became wildly popular with content vastly different from the New Wave’s, we chose Airrack and Ryan Trahan as examples.

Here’s what we learned. 

Learning 1: New Wave channels boast impressive engagement stats.

Among each of the channels’ past 10 videos, New Wave creators averaged higher rates for both CPI metrics than their more established counterparts.

But…an important note on engagement: Just comparing Airrack and Trahan’s channels directly to New Wave channels is unfair due to the scale of views those channels generate. Engagement doesn’t scale 1:1 with views, especially when you hit millions of views on every video you publish.

Learning 2: Context is key.

Understanding that a video with a couple thousand views and a video with a couple million views are like apples and oranges, we decided to compare the New Wave’s videos to the 10 least-viewed videos on both Airrack’s and Trahan’s channels to account for the view scale increase of their most recent videos.

What that told us: New Wave channels still exceed Airrack’s engagement across both CPI metrics even when looking at his least-viewed videos. But Trahan, on the other hand, generated a significantly higher comment per 1,000 views rate, suggesting his community engaged at similar rates to that of New Wave channels, at least for his least-viewed videos.

Overall, the CPIs do support the notion that the slower, more narrative approach that New Wave creators are hanging their hats on is doing its job in cultivating an engaging experience for the audience.

What Comes Next for the New Wave?

By Hannah Doyle

Creators Annemarie Allen, Cameron Clayton, Aaron Clemons, Tanner Ray, and Natalie Lynn look on. (Photo by Zachary Phillippy)

Many creators have claimed that YouTube has started to feel monotonous. They say that, across the platform, videos aren’t performing like they used to as more viewers (with changing preferences) watch fewer videos, thanks to a trend toward longer uploads designed for retention.

But according to vloggers like Mack Hopkins and Colt Kirwan and New Wave creators, YouTube is poised for a shake-up that will keep the platform relevant for career creators.

There’s an important question, though: Who will lead that charge? Which creators will be at the forefront of revitalizing the content that dominates YouTube’s trending pages, and what might their videos look like?

Are New Wave creators like the ones you’ve read about in this series the future of YouTube? Or could this just be a phase? Let’s consider the future for creators, with three core elements in mind—the platform, the content, and the trends that impact both.

The Platform

The medium is the message in the creator space, too. There’s a reason why the New Wave movement is happening on YouTube instead of TikTok or Instagram. YouTube is, at its core, a platform primed for big shifts like the one the New Wave is predicting. Why?

  • Discoverability: YouTube is less surprising than its peers, especially TikTok. While the latter has an almost telepathic capacity for serving you a wide variety of content it thinks you’ll like, YouTube is instead a platform designed for long-term buy-in. Creators are less likely to go viral on a one-off video on YouTube than they are on TikTok, but they’re more likely to build a loyal audience over time. 

  • Culture: Most of today’s creators grew up watching YouTube, long before Instagram or TikTok gobbled up our screentime. It’s familiar, and YouTube is also home to a culture of community, robust comment sections, and some of the internet’s earliest fandoms.

The takeaway: YouTube, more than any other platform, feels like the right place for this cultural and creative shift geared toward creator/viewer connections that go a mile deep and an inch wide to find its footing.

Creator Camp CEO Chris Duncan takes it all in. (Photo by Zachary Phillippy)

The Content

While the YouTube New Wave defines itself in opposition to storied challenge creators like Ryan Trahan, Airrack, or the like, they’re not attempting to replace those creators. Their goals, simply put, are different. YouTube vet Jordan Matter, who has been creating on the platform since 2006, explains:

  • “[YouTube New Wave] videos might not reach the same level of mega views that [MrBeast] gets or some of these other huge creators get because it's more personal,” Matter told us.

  • “And so it's not as universal for everyone. You have to be interested in this person's journey, but I think the trade off is you'll have very dedicated audiences. And those dedicated audiences will go with them on the whole journey, much like Emma Chamberlain has done [with her fans],” Matter said.

New Wave creators strategize for storytelling and personal connection with muted tones, slow shots, and pensive reflection that, in theory, drive engagement—to those creators, that playbook doesn’t include popular retention strategies like quick cuts, big text, and lots of action.

The takeaway: With a heavy dose of reality, New Wave creators appear to appreciate that there’s room for everyone at the table—especially when the table is a platform with about 368 million daily active users.

The Trends

The creator trend cycle can be predictable: like copying Wes Anderson’s film style but using a different plot. With that, there are elements of the New Wave that can certainly be copied ad nauseam. But with every trend, the objective is to advance creativity further than the last trend. Matter sees that already happening.

“When I started on YouTube, it was about how much you can get away with. How stupid can you be? Because people loved that,” Matter said, contrasting the days of viral prank videos to today’s more measured approach to creator influence. “And now there’s really a sense of responsibility to the audience and that's a much healthier place for the platform to exist.”

The takeaway: If the length of trend cycles is correlated to the absurdity or spectacle of the trend itself, the New Wave looks primed to sustain itself for longer than some of its predecessors.

The Bottom Line

The New Wave is zigging as retention-focused creators zag—that’s part of their appeal to audiences looking for more than just surprising plot twists. But in YouTube content as in life, things aren’t so black and white.

Take Matter, for example. His approach to content has been decidedly in the middle of this spectrum with the New Wave at one end and challenge creators at the other.

  • “I think that a lot of people believe and act in a way where they say that they're not worried about the analytics, they are just telling stories, which is amazing. For me, I like to combine them,” Matter said. “Storytelling in a way that isn’t slow, while keeping videos around 20 minutes and doing a personal spin on a trend.” 

Big picture: When it comes to the future of creator careers, the magic is in the middle. The New Wave is a response to years of content trend cycles on YouTube—and the movement’s goals are legitimate—but their approach is not the only way (or the “better” way) to make a career as a creator.

The same thing goes for creator heavyweights like MrBeast or Logan Paul. But one of the best things about being a creator is that there is room for everyone and every niche—and you, as the creator, get to set the terms on which you participate.

The Movement and its Larger Truth

By Nathan Graber-Lipperman

Press writer Nathan Graber-Lipperman reflects on his time at Creator Camp and what the New Wave means for the future of the creator industry.

As I say goodbye to my fellow campers and begin my journey home, I realize that the answer to my biggest question—is the story worth telling?—lies in two distinct but inseparable battles that the group is fighting.

The first of these battles is on YouTube itself. Now, it would require the rosiest of rose-colored glasses to pretend like the New Wave is dominating YouTube’s trending charts. MrBeast will always be an outlier, but the viewership on his last few videos alone dwarfs the entire lifelong viewership of pretty much every creator I met at Creator Camp.

But the New Wave isn’t only playing the algorithmic game when it comes to growth. When I spoke with Ryan Ng, he shared that he encourages all self-identifying New Wave creators to include #YouTubeNewWave in the descriptions of their videos. This makes it easier for audiences to find the group’s work without relying on the YouTube algorithm to serve it.

“If we could get millions of creators to make thoughtful, in-depth, meaningful content, then we don't have to move at the pace of years,” Ng expands. “Because Simon [Kim] will upload a video, and then I can upload a video a week after that, and everyone's gonna share it…we’re trying to keep up with the pace of the internet, but as a collective.”

This is how the New Wave believes they can compete in a healthy, sustainable way—keeping audiences engaged without sacrificing intimate storytelling. The YouTube New Wave gives permission to people to tell their stories, turning passive viewers into active participants.

Which brings me to the second battle: the fight against loneliness in an isolated, digital world.

As I participated in the weekend’s events, from improv classes to s’mores roasting, I saw tangible bonds formed. Attendees suggested solutions to their new friends’ creative roadblocks and made plans to visit each other. It was clear these young creators are navigating this oft-confusing odyssey together, connected through a common belief system.

During every night of camp, no one wanted to go to bed early for fear of missing a memorable moment or serendipitous sequence of conversations. The words I’d repeated a few days earlier returned: We should be asleep by now.

Everyone at Creator Camp knew just how lonely pursuing a creator career can be. The long nights and tedious edits. The industry’s penchant for chasing after the next big thing. The dopamine rush of a video performing well, followed by the inevitable 10 out of 10 that makes you question your decision to pick up a camera in the first place.

It’s past 3 a.m. We should be asleep by now. But the energy in that room was so palpable and so intoxicating. And the cold-hard fact was that the moment—with these people who understand the feelings you’re experiencing—was fleeting. 

This sense of creative community is something I’ve been searching for throughout my life, too. And it reminds me of a past conversation I had with fellow camper Anthony “Anthpo” Potero that has resonated with me deeply over time. “Creators, we all have this internal struggle where we want to just keep making things,” he told me. “And people who don’t have that desire, it’s really hard to explain that to them.”

“Like, ‘Why the f*ck would you sit at home on a Friday night and edit videos when we’re going to bars?’” Potero continued. “And I’m like, ‘I don’t know, I just want to edit this video.’”

Of course, the fight against loneliness is a universal war we’re all waging. In early May, the U.S. Surgeon General warned of a current “loneliness epidemic,” suggesting social isolation’s effects on mortality are equivalent to smoking up to 15 cigarettes every day.

That same report also noted how social media can exacerbate feelings of loneliness. Kevin Wu, the veteran creator I’d spoken to, believes this is true for both passive consumers and those trying to make a career out of creating content.

“It's only a matter of time until people realize, ‘Okay, I can't just, like, entertain myself all day sitting around on the computer or pretend I'm gonna make money doing this,’” Wu told me. “People are going to understand that if they want to manifest happiness in their work, they have to come to a spiritual realization. And I don't think that's going to happen right away.”

Still, while the creators I talked to acknowledge the dangers of the platforms they call home, they also believe that those platforms can do more good than harm, particularly when you take those online connections from URL to IRL.

“Most of my friends…are people that I met over social media, and I think that’s a really cool dynamic,” creator Natalie Lynn told me. “Because what are the odds that you’re going to meet your best friend in your hometown? Like, there's so many people in the world to get to know, and things you could have in common.”

It sounds crazy, but then again, this is a generation that came of age with TikTok and Trump, a global pandemic, and the rise of remote work. As traditional metrics of community like religious participation and in-person office work decrease across the country, is it really all that unbelievable for young people to find community through a platform like YouTube?

Look no further than the New Wave. What started as a group of friends who stumbled into each other’s lives through the vast net of the world wide web has morphed into a legitimate movement, with an opportunity they believe could make a real impact.

This group has made it abundantly clear that they have no interest in riding the wave of the current YouTube zeitgeist, opting instead to create their own. And it seems other creators on the platform are starting to pick up the message.

One example: In a video uploaded in late April titled “THE START,” former full-time editor Mack Hopkins explained why he was launching his own channel. “I believe YouTube is still in its infancy, and there is a way to make something new…that makes people feel something,” he stated. “[Videos styled] in a way that all of the ‘YouTube experts’ say a video won’t do well because of graphs, and retention, and all of those things.”

Not long after Mack’s channel premiered (to very positive reception), I received a text from a fellow Camp attendee. “Creators are starting to join the New Wave without even realizing it,” he observed, linking Mack’s video.

Regardless, whether this vision of a more thoughtful, “meaningful” YouTube comes to pass, there’s still something beautiful that I discovered in those snowy mountains of Utah. This group, the self-proclaimed New Wave, is standing up for the ideals they believe in.

The odds are stacked against them, and who knows if or when the wave will break. But at this moment in time, they’re trying, together.

And nowadays, that might be all we can really ask for.

Photos by Zachary Phillippy / Photo Illustration by Moy Zhong